Red blood cells and nerve function.
Some good studies
Photo: Kampus ProductionWhat the research says
B12 is needed for healthy red blood cells and nerves, and supplements prevent deficiency in vegans and older adults. Trials show no cognitive or energy benefit in people who are not deficient.
No upper limit is set because B12 has low toxicity, but metformin and proton pump inhibitors can lower B12 status.
About "most pills": NIH ODS: B12-only supplements typically contain 500 to 1,000 mcg; multivitamins typically 5 to 25 mcg.
Sources: ods.od.nih.gov
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